Complications in GDP and consumption calculation

In China, owners’ imputed rent at market rate was only adopted as of 2023 GDP figure – 2023 GDP upward, among which CNY 1.343 trillion (~1% of GDP) is due to market rent approach vs cost approach.

Some public/government sponsored consumption are not counted as household consumption, such as public schools, healthcare etc. Therefore the split will make household % lower, but this won’t change total GDP figure. These are both valued on cost basis in China and EU.