Online Higher Education (2) – MOOCs

Developed from universities

The history of massive open online course (MOOC) dated back to 2008 (by Stephen Downes and George Siemens entitled Connectivism and Connectivity Knowledge). The intention was to exploit the possibility for interactions between a wide variety of participants made possible by online tools so as to provide a richer learning environment than traditional tools would allow.

MOOCs with an emphasis on interactions and connectivity are now called cMOOCS.

In the fall of 2011, Stanford offered three courses for free online.  Peter Norvig and Sebastien Thrun offered their Introduction to Artificial Intelligence to an initial enrollment of over 160,000 students from around the world. Over 20,000 students completed the course. These xMOOCs focused less on interaction between students and more on exploiting the possibilities of reaching a massive audience.

Nowadays, through MOOCs, anyone with internet access can take some of the most famous courses taught by world-class professors for free, such as Harvard’s Justice. And courses on updated topics such as The Opioid Crisis in America by Harvard Medical School.

Transformed to independent organizations…

Seeing their success of MOOCs, Thrun founded a company called Udacity in February 2012 which began to develop and offer MOOCs for free. Udacity is funded by venture capital firm, Charles River Ventures, and $200,000 of Thrun’s personal money. In October 2012, the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz led the investment of another $15 million in Udacity.

Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller, two other Stanford CS professors started Coursera in April 2012 with three classes in fall 2011 from Stanford.

We will come back to these companies later. But let’s first take a look at a non-profit effort – edX.

edX

The establishment of edX was traced back to MIT’s effort – MITx platform. Announced in Dec 2011, MITx platform is led by Prof Anant Agarwal to offer MOOCs as a constituent program of MIT’s Office of Digital Learning.

Harvard joined forces with MIT in May 2012 when the two schools pooled $60 million in resources and renamed/spun-off the open platform component into edX, a non-profit organization. Open edX is the massively scalable learning software platform behind edX.

Since the origin of MOOCs, which are basically free for users, monetization methods are explored to make those platforms sustainable.

In Sep 2012, edX, partnering with Pearson, introduced “proctored exams” option, which would charge a small fee. edX learners have the option of taking a course final exam at one of over 450 Pearson VUE test centers.

Full fee-for-certificates models were introduced in 2013 following the industry trend.

Students can pay a fee to receive an ID-verified certificate upon successful completion of class requirements. Debuting in Fall 2013, three initial paid certificates would cost $25 for Stat2x: “Introduction to Statistics,” $50 for CS169x: “Software as a Service,” and $100 for 6x: “Circuits and Electronics.”

edX launched grouped-courses-based programs (XSeries) in Sep 2013, and MicroMasters programs in 2016, which may count as credits towards master degrees.

XSeries usually costs several hundred dollars with certificates and includes 3-5 courses. If taken separately, those courses usually can be access for free without certificates.

XSeries on edX | Source: edX
Xseries on edX | Source: edx

For MicroMasters, they are more linked with institutions and existing degrees.

As an example, the MicroMasters® Program in Supply Chain Management, can be used to apply to MIT’s SCM program which awards the Master of Engineering in Logistics (M.Eng. Logistics). The degree will also require another semester of on-campus study. The MicroMasters Program in SCM is also accepted in other universities worldwide.

The MicroMasters in SCM has five online courses. The cost to take each course is US$200. The cost to sit for the Comprehensive Final Exam is $200. The overall cost of the five course plus the final exam is US$1200. And the package can be purchased through edX with a 10% discount.


To be continued

「What’s News In China」

On Dec 17, Tencent Games and NVIDIA (NASDAQ: NVDA) announced a collaboration to bring PC gaming in the cloud to China. NVIDIA’s GPU technology will power Tencent Games’ START cloud gaming service, which began testing earlier this year. START gives gamers access to AAA games on underpowered devices anytime, anywhere. Tencent Games intends to scale the platform to millions of gamers, with an experience that is consistent with playing locally on a gaming rig. // nvidia


SoftBank Ventures Asia, a unit under Japanese conglomerate SoftBank, has led a CNY500 million (USD71.4 million) fundraising round in Chinese powerbank sharing provider Energy Monster. Energy Monster had over 200 million users in over 1,300 Chinese cities as of the end of November. Founded in 2017, Energy Monster has a 25 percent share of the domestic charger sharing market behind Jiedian with 28.6 percent and Xiaodian with 27 percent, according to figures from TrustData. // YiCai| Trustdata


Apple’s China iPhone shipments fall 35% in November and total iPhone shipments in the September-November period dropped 7.4% from a year earlier, according to Credit Suisse. // Reuters

「News of the Week」India’ New Citizenship Bill

WSJ – Modi Defends India’s New Citizenship Law as Protests Persist

[The new Citizenship Bill was passed in Dec 9]

The Citizenship Amendment Act, passed in December, creates a legal loophole for persecuted religious minorities who belong to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian religious communities — but not Islam — eligible for citizenship.

Dots to connect: India’s slow-down -> IMF world economic outlook, potential nationwide registry, access to the web, etc.

 

「Video of the Week」David Rubenstein Conversation With BlackStone Chairman & CEO Stephen Schwarzman

MIT’s new college of computing was formed on Sep 11 2019, enabled by Schwarzman’s $350 million donation.

And Schwarzman’s new book is out – What It Takes: Lessons in the Pursuit of Excellence

Online Higher Education (1)

US Higher Education

According to The Condition of Education 2019 by National Center for Education Statistics (NCES):

  • Undergraduate Enrollment
    • In fall 2017, total undergraduate enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions was 16.76 million students.
    • Between 2000 and 2017, total undergraduate enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions increased by 27 percent (from 13.2 million to 16.8 million students).
    • By 2028, total undergraduate enrollment is projected to increase to 17.2 million students.
    • Percentage enrolled in any distance education course grew from 30.8% to 32.9%
    • Percentage enrolled exclusively in distance education grew from 12.8% to 13.3%
  • Post-baccalaureate Enrollment
    • In fall 2017, some 3.0 million students were enrolled in post-baccalaureate degree programs.
    • Between 2000 and 2017, total post-baccalaureate enrollment increased by 39 percent (from 2.2 million to 3.0 million students).
    • By 2028, post-baccalaureate enrollment is projected to increase to 3.1 million students.
    • Percentage enrolled in any distance education course grew from 32% to 34%
    • Percentage enrolled exclusively in distance education grew from 15% to 16%

NCES is located within the U.S. Department of Education and the Institute of Education Sciences. Distance education is a broad definition here but is an approximate to online education.

We can see that:

  1. Online education is one of the fastest growing forms of higher education.
  2. Around 1/3 of those enrollments have used online courses.
  3. Online degree programs have grown at least to 13-16% – as many programs will require on-campus immersions to some extent.

Another report by Wiley Education Services said by the 2020/21 school year, online programs are expected to account for 26% of all higher education market share.

It also lays out some headwinds & tailwinds.

Source: Wiley

To be continued

「What’s News In China」Alibaba + Vanguard, First Index Option In Mainland China, China’s Most Valuable Brand

Alibaba (NYSE: BABA) affiliate Ant Financial and Vanguard, the $5.9T U.S.-based asset manager, formed a joint venture to bring a streamlined and broadly available investment advisory service to retail consumers in China. // prnewswire


China’s first mainland stock index options will debut on China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFE) on Dec. 23. The options are tied to the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange-based CSI 300 Index and the minimum account threshold is RMB500K. It is the fourth risk management hedging tool for the mainland stock market. Previous options included CSI 300 Stock Index futures, CSI Smallcap 500 Index futures and SSE 50 Index futures. // YiCai


Moutai/Maotai is the most valuable brand in China. Hurun released its Most Valuable Chinese Brands list on Dec 12 – Kweichow Moutai ranked top with RMB 640 billion brand value. It maintained the title for the second year running. Maotai /Moutai is a brand of baijiu; the company booked over RMB 22 billion revenue and RMB 10 billion net income in 2019Q3. // AsiaTimes