Be exponential

To grow a number, in math there are addend, or multiplier, or exponent.

Similarly, in businesses, one could grow a company in different ways.

  • Adding a location for Walmart is likely a addend – the addition won’t help/affect other locations
  • Apple introducing Apple Pay is likely a multiplier – value created for all users and profits per users improved across the board
  • Exponential impact is more subtle. I think organization / cultural improvement is likely the case, where better talents are attracted, better outcomes are achieved, and a virtuous cycle is created

Is it possible to replicate this kind of growth for individuals? Or to categorize an individual’s effort into similar buckets?

Here is an example I think of:

  • Reading a book to learn a piece of knowledge is like an addend
  • Reading a book which has impact over a lifetime / all future decisions is like an multiplier
  • Reading a book to form a better map of knowledge is like an exponent, in the sense that future books can be “better” read – you get the point faster, you understand the author better, you connect more dots, etc.

Find the exponent, do the exponential function in life.

People are living far apart nowadays

This is a feeling / theory that I originally thought about during covid-19 – that if you divide people’s risk tolerance by 1-10, before covid it may be ok for people that are 3 ratings apart to mingle (say 5-8), but then only people that are 1 ratings apart are comfortable to be together (say 2-3).

The impact is obvious – if living with less diversified opinions and more like-minded people, people might grow more comfortable within a more similar but narrow circle, and then become less tolerant to different opinions, and might develop a bit biased impression of “mainstream”. It’s a bit like the echo chamber problem exacerbated by social media.

I do feel that even covid-19 is over, the situation is not getting better. Maybe because people are used to being less tolerant over the years. Maybe people just care less about things & people that they don’t see.

It’s not sure if deglobalization is the cause or the result of this.

One things is clear – I haven’t seen much sign of people realizing this subtle change and forces to reverse it.

 

End of Decade Thoughts (1): An Increasingly Divided United States

This is a series about what we have seen in the past decade.


An Increasingly Divided United States

Three aspects:

1. The 2008 financial crisis provided a great opportunity for those who had equity while made many others in debt work years to recover. And the tax reform exacerbated the process.

– When we entered the past decade, prices were cheap for a lot of equities, but only for those who can buy.

– Differences were then created when the economy recovered – those who held equities enjoyed it.

– On the other hand, those who can’t buy didn’t share the growth (in any bull markets like stock, housing, etc.)

– Thus, more wealth inequalities were created. Supporting evidences could be found for a graph

2. The Republican and Democratic parties are more divided than ever – in fundamental values and action plans.

– The voters were divided before and in the 2016 election.

– It’s a result from dissatisfaction caused by the inequalities mentioned above and also from clashes over values [which is fueled by a multi-year accumulation of “opinions” mentioned below in 3].

– “Like the American public, Congress is also deeply divided. Lack of trust in the other party as well as a lack of bonds between representatives have fueled greater partisanship.” [Harvard Politics Review]

Democrats and Republicans More Ideologically Divided than in the Past
Source: PEW Research

– They are also unable to agree on what issues they should prioritize for policymaking.”

Republicans and Democrats differ over key priorities for the president and Congress in 2019
Source: PEW Research

3. Social medias fueled bias

– “Fake news” is a popular phrase. And misinformation is wide-spread. Meanwhile, social medias have become the primary sources of news.

– Machine-learning enabled “feeds” fulfills the confirmation bias among others.

– Personalization feeds “the most engaging and relevant” content for each individual user, which could easily compromise objectivity and expose human’s weakness.

– When people connect directly with their peers, the social biases that guide their selection of friends come to influence the information they see. [phys.org]

– Social medias made the discovery of “similar” peers, influencers and public accounts much easier, which again made the sources of information biased.


Summary: The econ pressure and social medias “cultivated” the public, leading further disconnections between parties, who made policies that most won’t see as “uniting” forces.


The dividing problems affect the policies again other nations, which are usually used when there is chaos inside.

The fight with the tech industry is also inevitable as political power is diminishing in driving/organizing the society. But tech is needed for overall growth and jobs – making them look more like monopolies is a good way to tackle/regulate.

Twitter Banned Political Ads

Years ago, we have entered into a world where communication with one another is instant and nearly cost-free. For broadcasters, this is the golden age that they could spread their messages easier than ever.

But that time seems to the last, as tech firms supporting those platforms are taking or required to take more actions in limiting messages/ads allowed to broadcast.

The underlying thesis – people realized that the nature of information will change depending on the number of audience.

Twitter’s recent action is to ban political ad purchases – to reach a large audience just by spending money. We could easily see that in a world such thing is allowed, it would just become a competition for war-chest, candidates bidding higher prices to reach the audience.

Some actions are for general accounts/messages – a Facebook account or post for example. Most are justified actions now. But this is a slippery slope. More messages could have been banned for the sake of overall well-being.

On the other hand, tech firms don’t want to spend too much on screening messages/ads. After all, they are not speaking those languages. But the challenges they are facing are more real than ever, while implementing more rules will also draw more critics.

There is a balance and trade-off here.

Tech firms need to balance between the percentage of communications allowed and the overall “healthiness” of the platform. The latter would impact long-term ads sales, users growth/engagement and political pressure/costs.

Creating Value And Capture 95% Of It

By just looking at the title, I don’t even know what I am trying to say.

But here is an example. We are know targeted ads (by Facebook or others). By purchasing ads for a more precisely defined population, sellers are wasting less time for other audience. The overall efficiency of transmitting messages (ads in this case) increases. This is value creation.

However, as Facebook gaining more insights and pricing power, it can charge higher prices for more effective ads to the extend that targeted ads are just a little better than traditional (mass) ads. I put 95% in the title but that is just to give a feeling. The sellers will be better off but the marketing costs will continue to increase and in the end they will find it very hard to earn a lucrative net profit margin.

This might be the ultimate price discrimination and Facebook is capturing nearly all the value down the chain.

Some time in the future, we will find old-school ways are much more friendly.

A Fundamental Pitfall In Sports

So human beings won’t evolve fast within 20-50 years, without any genetic engineering.

As we are reaching our limits, it would be very hard to break any records – for those sports that measures speed, height, strength, etc.

But that is what we are all expecting (as audience) and what keeps the sports industry exciting and growing.

So those sports have become increasingly dependent on “outside helps” – including those (e.g. certain drugs) banned by the overseeing committee.

Therefore, there will be increasingly possible that future sports will be driven more by technology development and the supervising body will be more “tolerant”.

What is more, there is always a blurring line between “allowed medication” and “forbidden techniques”.

I will be very interested to see how this conflict/problem will be solved/mitigated.

WeChat: More Than Messaging And Payment (3)

WeChat is also gradually upgrading itself as an entrance to internet.

Scanning a QR code is as common as using WeChat.

Businesses are using QR codes as the beginning of a customer relation; government departments/agencies are using QR codes as a way to provide/introduce/reserve many services.

And most of these websites or alternatives or websites are happening in Tencent’s ecosystem/domain. (or Alibaba/Baidu/JD/Toutiao/Weibo/Meituan’s domain)

Few people are creating their own website nowadays in China. For example, when we can find a restaurant’s website in US, usually in China we find it on WeChat/Ele(alibaba)/Meituan/Dianping(Meituan).

And when people are used to it, search engines are going to give away their position as the entrance of internet.

And when people forget how to type a web address, internet is more disconnected and is just comprised of a few closed bubbles – not exciting.

Books, Digital Books, Public Libraries

So nowadays we are comfortable with two facts:

    1. Books can be digital. It is good for distribution, near zero marginal cost of production, no burden on environment, reducing the barrier of knowledge.
    2. There are public libraries that provide free borrowing for resources including books (physical).

Then here comes the question – why libraries don’t provide free digital version of books.

The Answer could be very simple.

No one will buy books then…..

Then there is another question – since public libraries are funded by governments (tax payers) and donors, why are books not subsidized by governments like healthcare or education.

Why don’t governments make a list of knowledge-based books nearly free?

Authors should receive a stream of cash flows from taxpayers, for the contribution of their books.

 

Tech Companies = Governments

This will be a large topic and won’t be easy to discuss in a systematic way. I will write down some thoughts in bullet points and revisit later.


  • The idea has occurred to me several times. Essentially, government is an organization and so does a company. Although organizations have different scopes, different formats of running, there must be some similarities.
  • We usually say companies are to maximize shareholders’ value (short-run and long-run). But when the long-run is long enough, we shall see something interesting: the companies are paying extreme attention to building an ecosystem, to maintaining a healthy community/marketplace, to maximizing users’ satisfaction, etc.
  • Tech companies very much rely on users’ opinion. They listen to users. Users have the option to walk away just like immigration. Tech companies need users’ inputs/choices to build apps they use, to maintain the virtual world they live. The self-governance is impressive, especially in blockchain-based applications that users can decide/vote.
  • Tech companies are responsible to protect users from malware or harmful contents/users. They can block an IP address or a user account just like putting someone into prison. They can reject his/her entrance into the community.
  • Tech companies have their own rules or bottom lines that act as laws/judges, with the help of self-governance.
  • There are many free services as long as you are one of its users (or citizens)
  • They provide infrastructures and ways to interact (emails, postal services, freeways)
  • Users pay taxes such as data. In other cases, users share what they earned through tech companies (e.g. marketplace organizers by them)